Geometric search engine

ABSTRACT

One implementation provides a method to provide information associated with a previously designed component having a geometry that is similar to a geometry of a source component. In this implementation, the method includes obtaining a first set of coefficients for a non-invertible representation of the geometry of the source component, and comparing the first set of coefficients to a second set of coefficients for a non-invertible representation of the geometry of the previously designed component. If the first set of coefficients matches the second set of coefficients according to a threshold of similarity, the method further includes providing a search result associated with the previously designed component.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.10/883,001, filed Jun. 30, 2004, entitled Geometric Search Engine, whichis hereby incorporated by reference.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

The work described herein was carried out, at least in part, using fundsfrom National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. DMI-0329212. Thegovernment may, therefore, have certain rights in the invention.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to search engines for use in computing systems.

BACKGROUND

Computer aided design (CAD) technology assists designers in preparingnew designs of components, drawings, specifications, part lists, andother design related elements. The technology is used for a wide varietyof components in such fields as architecture, electronics, aerospace,and automotive engineering. CAD systems include three-dimensionalmodeling and computer-simulated operation of models. Rather than havingto build prototypes and change components to determine the effects oftolerance ranges, engineers can use computers to simulate operation todetermine loads and stresses. For example, an automobile manufacturermight use a CAD system to calculate the wind drag on several newcar-body designs without having to build physical models of each design.

Searching existing CAD files is beneficial for a variety of reasons. Anengineer may determine how a previous designer overcame designcomplexities by viewing a similar part. A previous design may be similarenough so that the designer can borrow certain elements and featuresfrom the existing design. The designer can incorporate the existingelements or features into the new design. A designer may also searchexisting CAD files for a similar part to extrapolate an estimate ofcomponent costs before investing time and money.

Locating previously designed CAD files can be tedious and cumbersome. Auser may have to search in various storage areas such as, for example,disk drives and computer directories. A user searching for a CAD modelusually has to rely upon a naming convention used by a previous user.Naming conventions for a CAD file may vary as the CAD model issubsequently modified. Additionally, since a CAD model typically doesnot have text associated with it, a textual search for a particular CADfile may be extremely difficult. For example, in order to search for aCAD file with a particular feature, the user may be required to know theparticular name of the CAD file or the name of a particular featuremodeled within the file.

In addition, the tools used by purchasing departments or matchmakingservices that are limited to industry codes or text-based searches maypresent various issues. For example, industry codes are typically verybroad and may fail to focus on specific component categories such assize, material type or tolerances. Text-based searches are oftenlanguage dependent and may not allow the designer to properly conveydesign requirements to potential manufacturers.

SUMMARY

Various implementations are provided herein. One implementation providesa method to provide information associated with a previously designedcomponent having a geometry that is similar to a geometry of a sourcecomponent. In this implementation, the method includes obtaining a firstset of coefficients for a non-invertible representation of the geometryof the source component, and comparing the first set of coefficients toa second set of coefficients for a non-invertible representation of thegeometry of the previously designed component. If the first set ofcoefficients matches the second set of coefficients according to athreshold of similarity, the method further includes providing a searchresult associated with the previously designed component.

Certain implementations may provide various advantages. For example,when a search is performed, the geometry of the current design iscompared with existing CAD files to find parts that have the mostsimilar geometries. This type of search methodology based on geometricshape has a variety of applications. A company can use the geometricsearch methodology to search within its own CAD file library. Thus, adesigner can quickly and easily locate a similar part previously createdwithin the company. In addition, the geometric search methodology can beused across a company's supply chain to qualify contract manufacturingcandidates.

For example, contract manufacturers (CM's) may load CAD files that havebeen previously created into a web-based library. Original equipmentmanufacturers (OEM's) are then able to search this library for similarparts already produced by the CM's. The more similarities that existbetween parts previously or currently manufactured by a CM and the partan OEM desires to have manufactured, the more qualified the CM is toproduce that part for the OEM. When a CM and OEM are compatible, amatchmaking process is considered successful. Tolerance and materialtype can be included within the search operation to provide additionalqualification metrics.

In one implementation, a manufacturing module automates the coding of acomponent's geometry based upon its CAD model. The geometry includes theshape and/or the size dimensions of the component. To automate thecoding of the component's geometry, a code is created for a “virtualpotential” that surrounds the component if a uniform electrostaticcharge were distributed on all the component's surfaces. The “virtualpotential” is obtained through a solution of Poisson's equation. Thesimulated electrostatic charge distribution of the surfaces of thecomponent are the boundary conditions used for the solution to Poisson'sequation. The solution of Poisson's equation for a given set of boundaryconditions is unique in that the boundary conditions are representativeof the component's geometry. The solution of Poisson's equation asapplied to the component's geometry creates a unique, searchable codethat cannot be reversed back into CAD file data.

The manufacturing module systematically clusters similar component codesinto families and generates an “exemplary geometry” for a family ofcomponents. An exemplary geometry is an overall code representing allthe components assigned to a family. The manufacturing module searchesand evaluates the similarity of a new component's code to the exemplarygeometries of families of components. The exemplary geometry facilitatesthe match between a newly modeled component and the existing families ofcomponents.

The details of one or more implementations are set forth in theaccompanying drawings and the description below. Other features,objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description anddrawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of procedure to transform computer-aided design(CAD) files into coded files that are searchable by a search engine,according to one implementation.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system that may be used to implement theprocedure shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3A is a flow diagram of a method to transform a CAD file into acoded file, according to one implementation.

FIG. 3B is a detailed flow diagram of the method to match similar codedfiles, according to one implementation.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method to search for similar geometriccomponents, according to one implementation.

FIG. 5A through FIG. 5D are screen diagrams of windows in a graphicaluser interface (GUI) that allow a user to transform CAD files into codedfiles and to search for similar coded files, according to oneimplementation.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a computing device that may be includedwithin the client devices and/or the server systems shown in FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a diagram of procedure 100 to transform computer-aided design(CAD) files into coded files that are searchable by a search engine,according to one implementation. This implementation provides ageometric coding and search methodology to simplify searches based on acode derived from an overall shape and design of a component of a CADfile, such as a user-generated CAD file 114. Using the procedure 100,software modules are capable of searching for previously designedcomponents having geometries that are similar to a geometry of a sourcecomponent represented in the user-generated CAD file 114. Codedrepresentations of these previously designed components are stored in alibrary 106 and are grouped into families of related representations. Inone implementation, an exemplary geometry associated with each family isrepresented in a coded form and used during search operations.

As shown in FIG. 1, the user-generated CAD file 114 is fed as input intouser software 112. The CAD file 114 is a computer file that is generatedfrom a CAD design tool. The CAD file 114 contains a modeledrepresentation of a user-generated design component, such as a computerkeyboard, a tool, an automotive component, a disk drive assembly, or thelike. A user is able to create this model using the CAD design tool.Often, when the user wants to search for similar components, the user isable to quickly create a rough design of the component in a short amountof time. This rough design may include various aspects and/orlimitations that are important for the search operation. In oneimplementation, the user creates a three-dimensional design of thecomponent using the CAD tool.

The user software 112 processes the CAD file 114 and provides it tocoding software 110. In one implementation, the user software 112includes CAD design-tool software for creating and processing the CADfile 114. The coding software 110 analyzes the representation of thegeometry of the component contained within the CAD file 114 andtransforms the CAD file 114 into a coded file. In this detaileddescription, coded files are named as such because they each include acoded representation of the geometry of a component, as will bedescribed in further detail below. In one implementation, the geometryof the component includes both a shape and size of the component. Thecoded file contains a non-invertible representation of the component.That is, the non-invertible representation cannot be transformed backinto the original representation of the geometry of the component asmodeled within the CAD file 114. This provides a level of security ofthe representation contained within the coded file. If the user wishesto maintain secrecy of the original, viewable design of the component,the coding software 110 provides a coded, non-invertible representationof this design. In one implementation, the coded representation is atleast partially independent of a translation and/or a rotation of thecomponent in three-dimensional space. In this implementation, the codedrepresentation can be matched with similar representations that areassociated with components that are similar to the component modeled inthe CAD file 114 but that have been translated or rotated inthree-dimensional space.

The coding software 110 provides the coded file to search enginesoftware 108. The search engine software 108 uses the coded file asinput and searches for similar coded files in the library 106. Thesearch engine software 108 uses a search algorithm that is described inmore detail below. The coded files contained within the library 106include coded representations of geometries of previously designedcomponents. These files have been previously generated and stored withinthe library 106. The coded representations have a format that is commonto the representation contained within the coded file provided by thecoding software 110. For example, in one implementation, each codedrepresentation of a geometry of a component includes a set ofcoefficients for a series that is a solution to a differential equationas applied to the geometry of the component as boundary conditions, aswill be described below in more detail.

In one implementation, related coded files within the library 106 aregrouped, or clustered, together. In this implementation, the library 106includes separate coded files that are each associated with one group ofrelated coded files within the library 106. Each of these separatelycoded files provides an exemplary representation of a geometry for acomponent that is representative of all of the related coded fileswithin a given group. The related coded files are associated withpreviously designed components having similar geometries or othersimilar properties, such as a manufacturing location or a manufacturingmaterial. The search engine software 108 searches for similar codedfiles within the library 106 by comparing the input coded file providedby the coding software 110 to the various coded files in the library 106that contain these exemplary representations. If a match is found, thesearch engine software 108 can further compare the input coded file tothe coded files contained within a matching group of related files toidentify a closest match.

If the search engine software 108 obtains a set of search resultsassociated with matching coded files located in the library 106, thesearch engine software 108 prioritizes these search results and providesthem to the user software 112. The search engine software 108 mayprioritize these results according to the level of similarity betweenthe input coded file received from the coding software 110 and the codedfiles identified within the library 106. When the user software 112receives these results, it is capable of displaying them to a userwithin a graphical user interface (GUI). In one implementation, thesearch results include information associated with the manufacturers ofthe components for the matching coded files identified within thelibrary 106. For example, if a manufacturer “A” and a manufacturer “B”both manufacture similar components whose coded files have beenidentified in the library 106 by the search engine software 108, contactinformation for manufacturer “A” and manufacturer “B” may be displayedby the user software 112 within the GUI. This contact information mayinclude the email address, street address, telephone number, and/or faxnumber for manufacturer “A” and manufacturer “B”. Examples of variousGUI's that may be provided by the user software 112 are shown in FIG. 5Athrough FIG. 5D and described in further detail below.

In one implementation, the library 106 is a repository such as adatabase system. As noted above, the coded files stored within thelibrary 106 have been previously generated. Coding software 104generates the coded files that are stored in the library 106. In oneimplementation, the coding software 104 is capable of grouping, orclustering, similar coded files and generating a coded file containingan exemplary representation of a geometry for the components representedby the other coded files within the group. The coding software 104transforms existing CAD files, such as the CAD files 102A, 102B, and102C into non-invertible coded files and provides these files to thelibrary 106. In one implementation, the coding software 104 uses thesame coding algorithm as the coding software 110. One such codingalgorithm is explained in further detail below. The coding software 104is able to generate a second representation of a geometry of a componentfrom a first representation of the geometry of the component as modeledin one of the CAD files 102A, 102B, or 102C.

The CAD files 102A, 102B, and 102C are each computer files that includerepresentations of geometries of previously designed components. Forexample, manufacturing designers may create CAD models of thesepreviously designed components and store these models in the CAD files102A, 102B, and 102C. These designers may work for manufacturers who maywish to provide coded representations of these CAD models to the library106 so that they are available by the search engine software 108 duringsearch operations. In this way, a user such as a designer or an originalequipment manufacturer (OEM) may be able to use the user software 112and search for components provided by the manufacturers who have createdthe CAD files 102A, 102B, and 102C. A designer for the OEM may need tospend only a small amount of time creating the CAD file 114 early in thedesign process and to identify manufacturers of similar components byobtaining search result information provided by the search enginesoftware 108. Further, matching OEM's and manufacturers may reduce partcost through efficient operations, capable equipment and superiormanufacturing knowledge.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system 200 that may be used to implementthe procedure shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the system 200includes client devices 202A, 202B, and 202C, server systems 204A and204B, a search server system 210, and a network 208. The client devices202A and 202C are coupled to the server systems 204A and 204B,respectively. The server systems 204A and 204B, the client device 202B,and the search server system 210 are each coupled to the network 208,which may comprise an Internet network providing web-enabledconnectivity. The server systems 204A and 204B contain database servers206A and 206B, respectively. These database servers 206A and 206B arecapable of storing coded files. The search server system 210 includes asearch database server 212. In one implementation, the search databaseserver 212 is also capable of storing coded files. In oneimplementation, the search database server 212 also includes an indexingmechanism to identify server systems 204A and 204B along with the clientdevice 202B as repositories for specified coded files. Each of theclient devices 202A, 202B, and 202C are capable of storing both originalCAD files and generated coded files, according to one implementation.

In one implementation, manufacturers may use the client devices 202A and202C to create the CAD files 102A, 102B, and/or 102C. As shown in theexample of FIG. 2, the client devices 202A and 202C are laptopcomputers, but various other forms of computing devices may be usedinstead. The client devices 202A and 202C are loaded with CAD toolsoftware so that the manufacturers may create the models of previouslydesigned components and save these models in the CAD files 102A, 102B,and/or 102C.

In one implementation, the coding software 104 resides on the clientdevices 202A and 202C. In another implementation, the coding software104 resides on the server systems 204A and 204B. After the codingsoftware 104 generates the non-invertible coded files, these files arestored within the database servers 206A and 206B. The library 106includes coded files stored in either of the database servers 206A or206B.

In one implementation, the server systems 204A and 204B communicate withthe search server system 210 over the network 208. The search databaseserver 212 includes an index of the coded information that is storedwithin the database servers 206A and 206B. The index is compiled andmanaged by the search server system 210.

In one implementation, the server systems 204A and 204B provide all ofthe coded files contained within the database servers 206A and 206B,respectively, to the search server system 210 for storage. The searchserver system 210 stores these files within the search database server212. In this implementation, the master library 106 of coded files ismanaged by the search database server 212.

If a designer wishes to search for related components, the designer mayuse the client device 202B to create the CAD file 114. The user software112 and the coding software 110 is resident on the client device 202B inone implementation.

In one implementation, the search engine software 108 resides on thesearch server system 210. In one implementation, the search enginesoftware 108 resides on the client device 202B. The client device 202Bcommunicates with the search server system 210 over the network 208. Inone implementation, the search engine software 108 searches the searchdatabase server 212 of the search server system 210 for related codedfiles. If the search database server 212 contains an index of codedfiles contained within the database servers 206A and 206B, the searchengine software 108 uses this index to determine if either the databaseserver 206A and 206B may contain coded files that are similar to thecoded file generated by the client device 202B. In one implementation,the client device 202B is capable of directly searching for relatedcoded files contained within the database servers 206A and 206B.

FIG. 3A is a flow diagram of a method 300 to transform a CAD file into acoded file, according to one implementation. In this implementation, themethod 300 includes actions 302, 304, 306, 308, and 310. In the action302, a model of a geometric component is generated by a CAD toolprogram. A designer, such as a designer working for a manufacturer, mayuse the client device 202A or 202C to interact with the CAD toolprogram. In the action 304, the model is stored into the CAD file 102A,102B, or 102C shown in FIG. 1. In an action 306, the coding software 104transforms the CAD file 102A, 102B, or 102C into a non-invertible andnormalized coded file. This normalized coded file includes arepresentation of the geometry of the component that is independent, orat least partially independent, of a translation or a rotation of thecomponent in three-dimensional space.

In the action 306, a code is created for a “virtual potential” thatsurrounds the component as if a uniform electrostatic charge weredistributed on all of the surfaces of the component. The simulatedelectrostatic charge distribution on the surfaces of the component isthe boundary condition for a solution to a differential equation(Poisson's equation).

To code a component's shape and dimensions based on its model, such as acomputer-aided design (CAD) model, a description of the component'sshape from its Boundary Model Representation (B-Rep) as included in aCAD model can be mathematically converted into a boundary value problem.The solution function of the boundary value problem may be expressed inseries form, where the coefficients of the series expansion are uniquerepresentatives of the boundary conditions. Since a component's surfacesare the boundary conditions used for the solution, the seriescoefficients are a unique code of the component's shape.

An electrostatic field distribution has the following properties: (1)the field satisfies Poisson's equation for which the solution is uniquefor a given boundary conditions set; (2) boundary conditions are definedby sampling the component's surfaces; (3) the field satisfies theprinciple of superposition and as a result, a complicated component'sgeometry could be partitioned and the overall solution would be thesuperposition of the sub-solutions; and (4) the solution isnon-invertible, such that a given field solution cannot be reversed toobtain the component of the boundary generating it.

In a parallelepiped boundary containing an arrangement of static chargedistribution ρ(x, y, z) defined over the surface of a component with anarbitrary shape, the field (characterized by the scalar potential φ)induced by the distributed charge will satisfy Poisson's equation:

${\frac{\partial^{2}\phi}{\partial x^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2}\phi}{\partial y^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2}\phi}{\partial z^{2}}} = \frac{- {\rho\left( {x,y,z} \right)}}{ɛ}$where ε is the permittivity of the material surrounding the distributedcharge, and x, y, z, are spatial position coordinates.

A function is first found which satisfies the boundary conditions of theproblem, and the constants of the function are then chosen to satisfyPoisson's equation. Such a function has the following form:

$\phi = {\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{mnk}{\sin({mx})}{\sin({ny})}{{\sin({kz})}.}}}}}$

The boundary is replaced by an infinite set of images of the initialfield and so the desired function defining the resultant field insidethe boundary must be periodic with these coordinates x, y, and z. Itsgeneral form is given, therefore, by the components of a triple singleFourier series, one in x, one in y, and one in z.

$\phi = \begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{{\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{1}{\cos({mx})}{\cos({ny})}{\cos({kz})}}}}} +} \\{{\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{2}{\cos({mx})}{\sin({ny})}{\cos({kz})}}}}} +}\end{matrix} \\{{\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{3}{\cos({mx})}{\sin({ny})}{\sin({kz})}}}}} +}\end{matrix} \\{{\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{4}{\cos({mx})}{\cos({ny})}{\sin({kz})}}}}} +}\end{matrix} \\{{\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{5}{\sin({mx})}{\cos({ny})}{\cos({kz})}}}}} +}\end{matrix} \\{{\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{6}{\sin({mx})}{\sin({ny})}{\cos({kz})}}}}} +}\end{matrix} \\{{\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{7}{\sin({mx})}{\sin({ny})}{\sin({kz})}}}}} +}\end{matrix} \\{\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{8}{\sin({mx})}{\cos({ny})}{\sin({kz})}}}}}\end{matrix}$

Boundaries are chosen such that(φ|_(x=0)=0)(φ|_(y=0)=0)(φ|_(z=0)=0)(φ|_(x=2R)=0)(φ|_(y=2R)=0)(φ|_(z=2R)=0)

where R is the radius of a spherical region surrounding the componentbeyond which the filed is uniformly equal to zero (due to the inverseproportionality between the field intensity at a point and the distanceof the point from the static charge distribution).

Substitution of the boundary conditions at x=y=z=0 into the seriesequation results in having B₁=B₂=B₃=B₄=B₅=B₆=B₇=B₈=0, and the seriesequation is reduced to

$\phi = {\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{mnk}{\sin({mx})}{\sin({ny})}{{\sin({kz})}.}}}}}$

Substitution of the boundary condition at x=2R results in

$0 = {\sum\limits_{m}{\sum\limits_{n}{\sum\limits_{k}{B_{mnk}{\sin\left( {2{Rm}} \right)}{\sin({ny})}{\sin({kz})}}}}}$

for any y and z. This equation is satisfied when 2Rm is an even multipleof π/2. Given an h which is an integer taking values from 1 to ∞, thiscondition is represented mathematically in the form:

$m_{h} = \frac{\pi\left( {h - 1} \right)}{2R}$

Similarly, for y=2R and Z=2R

$n_{1} = \frac{\pi\left( {l - 1} \right)}{2R}$ and$k_{p} = {\frac{\pi\left( {p - 1} \right)}{2R}.}$

Substitution of the coefficients m_(h), n_(l), k_(p) into the seriesequation form results in

$\phi = {\sum\limits_{h}{\sum\limits_{l}{\sum\limits_{p}{B_{hlp}\sin\;\frac{{\pi\left( {h - 1} \right)}x}{2R}\sin\;\frac{{\pi\left( {l - 1} \right)}y}{2R}\sin\;{\frac{{\pi\left( {p - 1} \right)}z}{2R}.}}}}}$

For this equation to be the required field solution, it also satisfyPoisson's equation over the region containing the part, and Laplace'sequation elsewhere in the region external to the part. Poisson'sequation is satisfied when

${\frac{\partial^{2}\phi}{\partial x^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2}\phi}{\partial y^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2}\phi}{\partial z^{2}}} = \frac{- {\rho\left( {x,y,z} \right)}}{ɛ}$

where ρ(x, y, z) is equal to the charge distribution over a component'sboundary, and is equal to zero everywhere else, and ε is thepermittivity of the material.

The left hand side of the equation is evaluated by calculating thepartial derivatives of the series. As a result, Poisson's equation hasthe form:

${\sum{\sum{\sum{\left( {{m^{2}h} + {n^{2}l} + {k^{2}p}} \right)B_{hlp}{\sin\left( {m_{h}x} \right)}{\sin\left( {n_{l}y} \right)}{\sin\left( {k_{p}z} \right)}}}}} = {\frac{\rho\left( {x,y,z} \right)}{ɛ}.}$

The value of B_(hlp) is determined by multiplying both sides of theequation by sin(m_(h)x)sin(n_(l)y)sin(k_(p)z) and by integrating overthe volume of the field space (one period).

${\int{\int{\int{\left( {{m^{2}h} + {n^{2}l} + {k^{2}p}} \right){B_{hip}\left( {{\sin\left( {m_{h}x} \right)}{\sin\left( {n_{l}y} \right)}{\sin\left( {k_{p}z} \right)}} \right)}^{2}{{\mathbb{d}x}.{\mathbb{d}y}.{\mathbb{d}z}}}}}} = {\int{\int{\int{\left( \frac{\rho\left( {x,y,z} \right)}{ɛ} \right){\sin\left( {m_{h}x} \right)}{\sin\left( {n_{l}y} \right)}{\sin\left( {k_{p}z} \right)}{{\mathbb{d}x}.{\mathbb{d}y}.{\mathbb{d}z}}}}}}$Integration of the left hand side of this equation results in

$\left( {{m^{2}h} + {n^{2}l} + {k^{2}p}} \right)\left( {{2\frac{R}{2}} - \frac{\left( {\sin\mspace{11mu} 4{Rm}_{h}} \right)}{4{Rm}_{h}}} \right)\left( {{2\frac{R}{2}} - \frac{\left( {\sin\mspace{11mu} 4{Rn}_{l}} \right)}{4{Rn}_{l}}} \right)\left( {{2\frac{R}{2}} - \frac{\left( {\sin\; 4{Rk}_{p}} \right)}{4{Rk}_{p}}} \right){B_{hlp}.}$But

${2{Rm}_{h}} = {\frac{2\left( {h - 1} \right)\pi}{2}.}$Therefore, sin(4Rm_(h))=0. Similarly sin(4Rn_(l))=sin(4Rk_(p))=0. As aresult,

${\left( {{m^{2}h} + {n^{2}l} + {k^{2}p}} \right)\left( {{2\frac{R}{2}} - \frac{\left( {\sin\mspace{11mu} 4{Rm}_{h}} \right)}{4{Rm}_{h}}} \right)\left( {{2\frac{R}{2}} - \frac{\left( {\sin\mspace{11mu} 4{Rn}_{l}} \right)}{4{Rn}_{l}}} \right)\left( {{2\frac{R}{2}} - \frac{\left( {\sin\; 4{Rk}_{p}} \right)}{4{Rk}_{p}}} \right)B_{hlp}} = {\left( {{m^{2}h} + {n^{2}l} + {k^{2}p}} \right)R^{3}B_{hlp}}$Therefore, the expression for B_(hlp) becomes

$\frac{1}{\left( {\left( {\left( \frac{\pi\left( {h - 1} \right)}{2R} \right)^{2} + \left( \frac{\pi\left( {l - 1} \right)}{2R} \right)^{2} + \left( \frac{\pi\left( {p - 1} \right)}{2R} \right)^{2}} \right)R^{3}} \right)}{\int{\int{\int{\frac{\rho\left( {x,y,z} \right)}{ɛ}{\sin\left( \frac{{\pi\left( {h - 1} \right)}x}{2R} \right)}{\sin\left( \frac{{\pi\left( {l - 1} \right)}y}{2R} \right)}{\sin\left( \frac{{\pi\left( {p - 1} \right)}z}{2R} \right)}{{\mathbb{d}x}.{\mathbb{d}y}.{\mathbb{d}z}}}}}}$

Within the context of a component's CAD model, B_(hlp) are thecoefficients of the series expansion of the field surrounding thecomponent shape in space. R is the radius of a spherical regionsurrounding the component beyond which the field essentially vanishesdue to the inverse proportionality between the field intensity at apoint and the distance of the point from the static charge distribution.

Since the series is a solution of Poisson's equation with anelectrostatic charge applied to the surfaces of a component as boundaryconditions, and since the solution of Poisson's equation is unique for agiven set of boundary conditions, it follows that the coefficients,B_(hlp) are a unique code of a component's geometry. In addition, sincethe solution of an electrostatic field distribution is mathematicallynon-invertible, the coefficients B_(hlp) cannot be used to retrieve thecomponent's geometry as represented in the original CAD model beforecoding.

In order to identify these coefficients for a given object, orcomponent, in three-dimensional space, the following algorithm is usedin one implementation.

-   -   (1) Read the object data using sampled surface points.    -   (2) Shift to the centroid of the object's center of mass.    -   (3) Find the inertia matrix.    -   (4) Find principal axes (eigenvectors) by Rayleigh method. After        choosing an arbitrary initial vector, the Rayleigh method gives        a reasonably accurate eigenvector of the inertia matrix,        corresponding to the largest eigenvalue. In one implementation,        one thousand iterations are used. Other algorithms may also be        used, such as the “inverse Rayleigh method,” the numerical or        Cardan solution of the characteristic equation for the        eigenvalues followed by calculation of the eigenvectors.    -   (5) Invert the inertia matrix to determine the eigenvector of        the least eigenvalue. Rayleigh's method is applied to the        inverse of the inertia matrix to find an eigenvector of the        smallest eigenvalue of the inertia matrix.    -   (6) Vector cross product the principal axes by the minimum        eigenvector to find intermediate principal axis.    -   (7) Find sampled object coordinates in principal-axis frame. The        coordinate system is already center-of-mass so the coordinates        in the orthonormal principal-axis (i.e., eigenvector) frame, are        found by taking dot products. There is an ambiguity in the sign        of the new coordinates due to the inability to define a positive        direction of the principal axes. This ambiguity will cause most        of the Fourier coefficients to be unusable, but there exist many        Fourier coefficients that do not depend on the choice of axis        direction.    -   (8) Define “canonical” cube, for Fourier series expansion. The        Fourier series expansion of the gravitational potential of the        object must be calculated in defined space. This space is        defined as a cube parallel to the principal axes. The sum of        squared coordinate deviations, gives the sum of squared        distances of the points from the origin; it is a rotationally        invariant. The edge of the cube is chosen equal to 4/sqrt(3)        times the root-mean-square distance from the origin. That is 4        times the square root of the mean of the three mean square        coordinate deviations. The cube extends two standard deviations        out from the center. This standard deviation is the standard        deviation of the coordinates of the points, not the standard        deviation of the field. This size of cube was chosen because it        would be just large enough to include all or almost all of the        object, hence almost all of the varied and interesting part of        the field. After the edge of the canonical cube has been        calculated, the corners can be found.    -   (9) Find potential at grid points within cube. The Newtonian        gravitational potential (or equivalently, Coulomb electric        potential assuming all points have the same sign of charge) is        calculated assuming equal mass for each point of the object. The        realistic, 1/R, potential is used. Some experimentation was done        with other potentials, such as 1/R^2 (which would save        computation time due to the abolition of the slow square root        function) but 1/R gave the best results. To avoid infinitely        large potentials where a grid point happens to be very close to        one of the necessarily finite number of points describing the        object, an arbitrary minimum distance is inserted, using the        “max” function in the denominator. Some experimentation with        this minimum was done and the best value of 0.00000001 was        chosen in one implementation.    -   (10) Find Fourier coefficients. A corner of the cube is taken as        the origin. Therefore, the directional ambiguity of the        principal axis becomes irrelevant, if all trigonometric        functions, of any of the three coordinate variables, consist        either of an odd number of sine half-waves, or of an even number        of cosine half-waves. This restriction reduces the number of        trigonometric terms by a factor of 2 for each coordinate, hence        a factor of 2^3=8 overall. In this fashion, rotational        dependency of the object in three-dimensional space is removed.        Also, experiment confirms that due to the centration of the        objects, the potential fields have very large lowest-order        coefficients which drown out the discriminatory effects of the        higher-order coefficients. The lowest-order coefficients are        therefore eliminated from the comparative analysis. The        coefficient for h=1=p=0 represents an average of the field.        Eliminating this coefficient removes dependency on translation        of the object in three-dimensional space.    -   (11) Select 1000 of the remaining coefficients. Experimentation        determined that selection of 1000 of the remaining coefficients        produced a sufficiently accurate representation of the geometry        of the object. Experimental results are shown below for        selections of 64, 216, 1000, and 4096 coefficients when        comparing various different objects having known relationships        and similarities/dissimilarities. Upon analysis of these        results, it was determined that selection of 1000 coefficients        yielded suitable results. Selection of a greater number of        coefficients, such as 4096, may provide only slightly more        accurate results but requires more computation time and storage        space.

The experimental results shown below have the following format:

Correlation standard deviation [range] {no. of object pairs examined}(relation)

Using 64 Fourier Coefficients when Comparing Objects with KnownRelationships:+0.830(0.087)[0.641−0.942]{72}(unrelated object)+0.901(0.059)[0.821−0.944]{12}(morphed objects)+0.9999993(0.0000017)[0.999995−1]{7}(identical but rotated)

Using 216 Coefficients when Comparing Objects with Known Relationships:+0.762(0.113)[0.445−0.906]{72}(unrelated objects)+0.882(0.058)[0.805−0.932]{12}(morphed objects)+0.999998(0.0000045)[0.999988−1]{7}(identical but rotated)

Using 1000 Coefficients when Comparing Objects with Known Relationships:+0.727(0.113)[0.403−0.883]{72}(unrelated objects)+0.857(0.051)[0.752−0.909]{12}(morphed objects)+0.999989(0.000029)[0.999924−1]{7}(identical but rotated)

Using 4096 Coefficients when Comparing Objects with Known Relationships+0.720(0.110)[0.407−0.877]{72}(unrelated objects)+0.855(0.048)[0.793−0.903]{12}(morphed objects)+0.999961(0.000103)[0.9997−1]{7}(identical but rotated)

These experimental results show that the selection and use of 1000coefficients yields sufficiently accurate results in the representationof the geometry of an object. When 72 unrelated objects were compared,each object being represented by the use of 1000 coefficients, a rangeof similarity from a rating of 0.403 to 0.883 was found, wherein arating of 0.0 indicates complete dissimilarity and a rating of 1.0indicates complete similarity. This range does not substantially differfrom a similar range tested when using 4096 coefficients. When 12morphed objects were compared, each object being represented by the useof 1000 coefficients, a range of similarity from a rating of 0.752 to0.909 was found. When 7 identical but rotated objects where compared, arange of similarity from a rating of 0.999924 to 1.0 was found. Theseranges do not substantially differ from similar ranges tested when using4096 coefficients. However, the use of 1000 coefficients does yield moreaccurate results than the use of only 64 or 216 coefficients. Therefore,1000 coefficients are selected. These remaining coefficients are thenormalized set of coefficients that correspond to the geometry of theobject.

Referring again to FIG. 3A, in the action 308, the coding software 104or the library 106 uses a systematic clustering technique to group thecoded file with a family of related coded files that exist within thelibrary 106. The coded file includes a representation of the geometry ofthe component and the related coded files include preexistingrepresentations of geometries of similar components. The groupingoperation occurs when a threshold of similarity is satisfied between thecoded representation and the preexisting representations. This thresholdis configurable and may be specified or predefined by an administrator.For example, in one implementation, a rating system is defined in whicha rating of 0.0 indicates complete dissimilarity between representationsof two components and a rating of 1.0 indicates complete similarity. Athreshold of similarity may be configured for a rating of 0.9. If therepresentations of two separate components have a rating of 0.9 orhigher, these two representations are grouped together.

In one implementation, the coded file may also be grouped with otherpreexisting coded files according to a manufacturing location, acomponent material, or a manufacturing process. For example, coded filesthat are associated with components that are manufactured in Georgia maybe grouped into one cluster. In another example, coded files that areassociated with components made of plastic or manufactured by a specificcasting or injection molding process may be grouped into other clusters.

Finally, in an action 310, the coding software 104 generates a codedfile for a representative or exemplary geometry associated with thefamily of related files. This coded file includes a representation ofthe exemplary geometry that is based upon the coded representation andthe preexisting representations. In one implementation, the coded filegenerated in the action 310 has a minimum total dissimilarity withrespect to and when compared with the coded representation and thepreexisting representations.

The function of the representative geometry is to facilitate the matchbetween a newly modeled component against families of components thathave already been clustered. In a given family of components, theauthors define a representative geometry as the component that has theminimum total dissimilarity with respect to the rest of the componentsin that family.

FIG. 3B is a detailed flow diagram of the method 320 to match similarcoded files, according to one implementation. In this implementation,the method 320 includes actions 321, 322, and 324. In the action 321shown in FIG. 3B, the coding software 110 generates a first set ofcoefficients for a series equation in a coded representation of thegeometry of a component modeled in the user-generated CAD file 114. Thecoding software 110 generates the first set of coefficients in a mannersimilar to the way in which the coding software 104 generatescoefficients as described above in reference to the action 306 FIG. 3A.

In the action 322, the search engine software 108 compares thenormalized coefficients generated in the action 321 to coefficients in acoded representation contained in a file that is stored in the library106 according to a threshold of similarity. This coded representation isone that represents a geometry of a previously designed componentpreviously modeled and captured in the CAD file 102A, 102B, or 102C andthen transformed using the method 300 shown in FIG. 3A. Because thecoefficients are generated using a common method and have a commonformat, they can be compared for similarity. In one implementation, arating system for the threshold of similarity is defined in which arating of 0.0 indicates complete dissimilarity between representationsof two components and a rating of 1.0 indicates complete similarity. Thethreshold of similarity may be configured for a rating of 0.9. Thenormalized set of coefficients is then compared to the set ofcoefficients for the coded representation. Each correspondingcoefficient is compared (i.e., the first coefficient from each set, thesecond coefficient from each set, etc.) and an overall similarityrating, or calculation, is performed. If the calculation results in arating of 0.9 or higher, these two sets of coefficients are deemed as amatch. In one implementation, Euclidean distances are calculated forcorresponding, ordered coefficients in each set to determine an overallsimilarity.

In the action 324, the search engine software 108 provides a searchresult associated with the previously designed component when thecoefficients generated in the action 321 match the coefficients in thecoded representation according to a threshold of similarity. Thisthreshold determines if these coefficients sufficiently match toindicate a similarity between the component modeled in the CAD file 114and the previously designed component modeled in one of the CAD files102A, 102B, or 102C. In one implementation, the search result includescontact information for the manufacturer of the previously designedcomponent.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method 400 to search for similar geometriccomponents, according to one implementation. In this implementation, theclient device 202B is capable of searching for similar components thatare represented in coded form on the database servers 206A and 206B. Inan action 402, the client device 202B generates an initial design of acomponent using a CAD tool program in an action 402, and stores thisdesign in the CAD file 114 (shown in FIG. 1) in an action 404. In anaction 406, the coding software 110 transforms the CAD file 114 into anon-invertible and normalized coded file in a manner similar to the wayin which the coding software 104 transforms the CAD file 102A, 102B, or102C as described above in reference to the action 306 FIG. 3A. In anaction 408, the search engine software 108 uses the coded file toidentify a set of families in the library 106 having related codedfiles, according to one implementation. In one implementation, thesearch database server 212 is also capable of identifying the set offamilies by referencing its index of coded files stored on the databaseservers 206A and 206B.

In an action 410, the search engine software 108 compares the coded fileto coded files for representative geometries associated with each of thefamilies of related files. The coded files for these representativegeometries are stored in the library 106. The search engine software 108uses a threshold of similarity to determine if the coded file matchesany of the coded files for these representative geometries. In an action412, the search engine software 108 generates a prioritized set ofmatching search results based upon the comparisons made to therepresentative geometries. In one implementation, the closest matchesare given higher priority in the set of matching search results. In anaction 414, the user software 112 displays the prioritized set ofmatching search results to the designer. In one implementation, thesearch results each include information about a component manufacturer.

FIG. 5A through FIG. 5D are screen diagrams of windows in a graphicaluser interface (GUI) displayed on the client device 202B that allow auser to transform CAD files into coded files and to search for similarcoded files, according to one implementation. FIG. 5A is a screendiagram of a window 500 within the GUI. The window 500 is displayed to adesigner or an OEM designer on the client device 202B. The designer isable to use a CAD design tool, which may be included within the usersoftware 112, to create a model or representation of a geometry of acomponent within a modeling area 502 of the window 500. As shown in theexample of FIG. 5A, the designer has created a model of a mechanicalinterface connector, such as an RS-232 connector, within the modelingarea 502. The designer then saves this model into a CAD file 114. In analternate scenario, the designer may select a preexisting CAD file 114that already includes a preexisting model of a geometry of a component.In this scenario, the designer uses a pop-up window 506 to specify thename of the preexisting CAD file 114. The designer may either enter thename of the CAD file 114 into a text-entry field 508 or mayalternatively select a button 510 to browse for existing files.

If the designer selects the button 510, a pop-up window 504 is displayedwithin the GUI. By using the menus and/or text-entry fields within thepop-up window 504, the designer is able to browse through files andselect the preexisting CAD file 114.

Once the designer has selected the preexisting CAD file 114, therepresentation of the geometry of the component contained within the CADfile 114 is displayed to the designer in the modeling area 502. Whetherthe designer has created or loaded the CAD file 114, the designer isable to generate a coded file by selecting a button 512. When thedesigner selects the button 512, the user software 112 shown in FIG. 1provides the CAD file 114 to the coding software 110 to transform theCAD file into a non-invertible coded file.

FIG. 5B is another screen diagram of the window 500 shown within theGUI. If the designer chooses to create a model within the modeling area502 and generate the CAD file 114, the user may select an entry in asketch menu 520. By selecting an entry in the sketch menu 520, thedesigner is capable of using a CAD design tool provided within the GUIto sketch a model of a component within the modeling area 502. Thedesigner may also use the menu 522 to select various other options.

For example, the designer may select the “Code” option from the menu 522to generate a coded representation of the model shown within themodeling area 502. When the designer selects this option, the CAD file114 is provided to the coding software 110. The designer may also selectthe “Search CMnet” option (wherein “CMnet” stands for “contractmanufacturing network”) to search for similar coded files within thelibrary 106. In one implementation, the coded files contained within thelibrary 106 correspond to components modeled in the CAD files 102A,102B, and 102C and produced by various contract manufacturers. When thedesigner selects this option, the search engine software 108 uses thecoded file provided by the coding software 110 to search for similarcoded files in the library 106.

In one implementation, the designer may use the pop-up window 530 shownin FIG. 5C to specify additional search criteria before searching forrelated files. These search criteria are used to supplement theinformation provided in the coded file relating to the component's, orproduct's, geometric shape. The window 530 includes a selection area 532that contains three selection buttons. The designer may select one ormore of the buttons to select specific search criteria. For example, thedesigner may select a “material” search criterion to limit the search tocoded files in the library 106 that are associated with components madeof a specific material. The designer may select a “manufacturingprocess” criterion to limit the search to coded files that areassociated with components made by a specific manufacturing process. Thedesigner may select a “location” criterion to limit the search to codedfiles that are associated with components manufactured in a specificlocation. The criteria selected within the selection area 532 are usedby the search engine software 108, along with the coded file provided bythe coding software 110, to search for similar coded files within thelibrary 106.

In one implementation, the coded files stored in the library 106 areclustered into first-tier groups according to the criteria that may beselected by the designer, such as material type, location, and/ormanufacturing process. The search engine software 108 uses the actualcriteria selected by the designer to select one or more specificfirst-tier groups of coded files within the library 106 and then usessecond- and/or lower-tier groups within the first-tier groups to matchthe preexisting coded files with the source file generated by the codingsoftware 110.

In one implementation, the criteria selected by the designer arecaptured as meta information and used by the search engine software 108when searching the library 106. In this implementation, meta informationis also contained within the library 106 that relates to the CAD files102A, 102B, and 102C. Both the coding software 110 and the codingsoftware 104 are capable of generating meta information that isassociated with a particular coded file. In one implementation, thismeta information is not included within the coded file but is directlyassociated with the coded file.

The designer may use the list area 534 and the selection area 536 tospecify certain attributes for a criterion selected within the selectionarea 532. For example, as shown in FIG. 5C, the designer has selectedthe “material” criterion within the selection area 532. The list area534 provides a list of materials (with a material number and materialname) that may be selected by the designer. Any number of differentmaterials could be listed within the list area 534. The designer mayselect one or more of the materials from the list and select a button538 to move these materials into the selection area 534. Once thedesigner has selected the button 538, the selected materials aredisplayed within the selection area 534. The designer may also use thebutton 540 to de-select materials from within the selection area 534 andmove them back into the list area 534.

Once the designer has finished making selections, the designer mayselect a search button 542 to initiate a search. The search enginesoftware 108 then searches the library 106 for related files. At anytime, the designer may select the “Search status” option in the menu 522(shown in FIG. 5B) to view a status of a pending search. The designermay stop a pending search by selecting the “stop search” option from themenu 522. In one implementation, any search results that have beenidentified by the search engine software 108 are displayed to thedesigner after the designer has selected the “stop search” option. Thedesigner may also select a “Schedule search” option from the menu 522 toschedule a search on a particular day or at a particular time.

Search results are displayed to the designer within the GUI as shown inFIG. 5D. When the search engine software 108 provides a set ofprioritized results back to the user software 112, the user software 112displays these results to the designer within a pop-up window 550 shownwithin the GUI. The window 550 includes a results area 556, a map area552, and a detail area 554. In one implementation, the designer is ableto select the “display result” option in the menu 522 to display thesearch results within the window 550.

As shown in FIG. 5D, the results area 556 shows a set of search resultsfor various manufacturers. These manufacturers have produced componentswhose coded representations had been stored in the library 106 andmatched to a coded representation of a source component by the searchengine software 108. These manufacturers had originally modeled thesecomponents in the CAD files 102A, 102B, and 102C. By viewing the resultsshown in the results area 556, the designer or individuals working foran OEM are able to quickly identify manufacturers who produce componentssimilar to the one that had been modeled in the CAD file 114. An OEM maywish to contact one or more of these manufacturers to find out moreabout manufactured products, to purchase products, or to inquire aboutlicensing opportunities. Each search result included within the resultsarea 556 includes manufacturer contact information, such as businessaddress, telephone, fax, and email information. If the designer selectsone of the search results, the detailed area 554 displays detailedcontact information for the given manufacturer. In one implementation,the search results shown in the results area 556 are listed inprioritized form. Those manufacturers that produce components that havematched most closely to the source component, as determined by thesearch engine software 108, are shown at the top of the list of searchresults. As shown in the example of FIG. 5D, the search engine software108 has determined that the closest matching component is the onemanufactured by “Manufacturer Name 1”.

The window 550 also includes the map area 552. If the designer selectsone of the search results in the results area 556, a corresponding mapis displayed to the designer within the map area 552. The displayed mapshows the location of the manufacturer according to the business addressincluded within the selected search result.

In one implementation, the designer is able to refine the set of searchresults displayed within the results area 556. If the designer selects abutton 558, the window 530 shown in FIG. 5C is again displayed to thedesigner. At this point, the designer is able to modify the searchselection criteria. In addition, the designer may choose to modify theCAD representation of the geometry of the source component in themodeling area 502. If the designer modifies the CAD model in thisfashion, the CAD file 114 is updated and re-coded by the coding software110. The search engine software 108 is then capable of initiating a newsearch.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a computing device 600 that may be includedwithin the client devices and/or the server systems shown in FIG. 2. Thecomputing device 600 includes a processor 602, a memory 604, a storagedevice 606, and an input/output device 608. Each of the components 602,604, 606, and 608 are interconnected using a system bus. The processor602 is capable of processing instructions for execution within thecomputing device 600. In one implementation, the processor 602 is asingle-threaded processor. In another implementation, the processor 602is a multi-threaded processor. The processor 602 is capable ofprocessing instructions stored in the memory 604 or on the storagedevice 606 to display graphical information for a GUI on theinput/output device 608.

The memory 604 stores information within the computing device 600. Inone implementation, the memory 604 is a computer-readable medium. In oneimplementation, the memory 604 is a volatile memory unit. In anotherimplementation, the memory 604 is a non-volatile memory unit.

The storage device 606 is capable of providing mass storage for thecomputing device 600. In one implementation, the storage device 606 is acomputer-readable medium. In various different implementations, thestorage device 606 may be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, anoptical disk device, or a tape device.

In one implementation, a computer program component is tangibly embodiedin an information carrier. The computer program component containsinstructions that, when executed, perform one or more methods, such asthose described above. The information carrier is a computer- ormachine-readable medium, such as the memory 604, the storage device 606,or a propagated signal.

The input/output device 608 provides input/output operations for thecomputing device 600. In one implementation, the input/output device 608includes a keyboard and/or pointing device. In one implementation, theinput/output device 608 includes a display unit for displaying thevarious GUI's shown in the preceding figures.

A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it willbe understood that various modifications may be made without departingfrom the spirit and scope of these implementations. Accordingly, otherimplementations are within the scope of the following claims.

1. A computer-implemented method for performing an electronic databasesearch to identify previously designed components that are geometricallysimilar or identical to a source component, the method comprising:transforming a three-dimensional model of the source component into acoded representation of the geometry of the source component, whereinthe transformation is performed using a defined field generatingcondition that would generate a field of a defined type in a region ofspace, and wherein the transformation is performed using a physicalproperty of the source component as an input to a mathematical frameworkbased on a field theory for the defined type of field, and wherein themathematical framework yields one or more values that describe the fieldgenerated in the region of space; accessing an electronic databaserepository having stored therein multiple coded representations thateach represent the geometry of a different previously designedcomponent, each coded representation having been previously generated bytransforming a three-dimensional model of the previously designedcomponent into a coded representation of the geometry of the previouslydesigned component using the same transformation used in transformingthe three-dimensional model of the source component into the codedrepresentation of the geometry of the source component; comparing thecoded representation of the geometry of the source component to at leastone of the stored multiple coded representations that each represent thegeometry of a different previously designed component, to identify atleast one previously designed component that is geometrically similar oridentical to the source component; and generating a search result thatidentifies at least one of the previously designed components that areidentified in the comparison to be geometrically similar or identical tothe source product.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the codedrepresentation of the geometry of the source component is at leastpartially independent of a rotation or a translation of the sourcecomponent in space.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the codedrepresentation of the geometry of the source component is anon-invertible representation.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereincomparing the coded representation of the geometry of the sourcecomponent to the at least one of the stored multiple codedrepresentations includes using a threshold of similarity to determine ifthe coded representation of the geometry of the source component matchesa coded representation of the geometry of a previously designedcomponent.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: obtaining anadditional selection criterion related to the source component; andfiltering identified previously designed components using the additionalselection criterion such that the filtered components are not providedin the search result.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the additionalselection criterion is a manufacturing process criterion.
 7. The methodof claim 1, further comprising displaying the search result to a user.8. The method of claim 7, wherein for one previously designed componentidentified in the search result there is included a name of amanufacturer of the one previously designed component.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein for the one previously designed component identified inthe search result there is further included an address and a telephonenumber of the manufacturer.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein thegeometry of the source component includes a shape and a size of thesource component.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein thethree-dimensional model of the source component comprises acomputer-aided design (CAD) model.
 12. The method of claim 1, whereingenerating the search result includes prioritizing the identifiedpreviously designed components based on their degree of similarity. 13.The method of claim 1, wherein the comparing includes determiningwhether the coded representations of the source component and apreviously designed component satisfy a defined threshold of similarity.14. The method of claim 1, wherein the defined type of field is anelectrostatic field.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the definedfield generating condition is an electrostatic charge uniformlydistributed on the entire surface of the source component.
 16. Themethod of claim 15, wherein the mathematical framework based on a fieldtheory for a field of the defined type is a boundary value problem. 17.The method of claim 16, wherein the mathematical framework based on afield theory for a field of the defined type comprises Poisson'sequation.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more valuesthat describe the generated field comprises one or more coefficients ofa series expansion.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the input of thephysical property of the source component comprises data that definesthe surfaces of the source component.
 20. The method of claim 19,wherein the mathematical framework based on a field theory for a fieldof the defined type is a boundary value problem.
 21. The method of claim20, wherein the mathematical framework based on a field theory for afield of the defined type comprises Poisson's equation.
 22. The methodof claim 21, wherein the one or more values that describe the generatedfield comprises one or more coefficients of a series expansion.
 23. Themethod of claim 20, wherein the one or more values that describe thegenerated field comprises one or more coefficients of a seriesexpansion.
 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the mathematical frameworkbased on a field theory for a field of the defined type is a boundaryvalue problem.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the mathematicalframework based on a field theory for a field of the defined typecomprises Poisson's equation.
 26. The method of claim 24, wherein theone or more values that describe the generated field comprises one ormore coefficients of a series expansion.
 27. The method of claim 1,wherein the input of the physical property of the source componentcomprises data that defines the surfaces of the source component. 28.The method of claim 1, wherein the region of space comprises at least aregion of space that surrounds the component.
 29. A computer programproduct tangibly embodied in computer storage memory, the computerprogram product including instructions that, when executed by aprocessor, perform a computer-implemented method for performing adatabase search to identify previously designed components that aregeometrically similar or identical to a source component, thecomputer-implemented method comprising: transforming a three-dimensionalmodel of the source component into a coded representation of thegeometry of the source component, wherein the transformation isperformed using a defined field generating condition that would generatea field of a defined type in a region of space, and wherein thetransformation is performed using a physical property of the sourcecomponent as an input to a mathematical framework based on a fieldtheory for the defined type of field, and wherein the mathematicalframework yields one or more values that describe the field generated inthe region of space; accessing an electronic database repository havingstored therein multiple coded representations that each represent thegeometry of a different previously designed component, each codedrepresentation having been previously generated by transforming athree-dimensional model of the previously designed component into acoded representation of the geometry of the previously designedcomponent using the same transformation used in transforming thethree-dimensional model of the source component into the codedrepresentation of the geometry of the source component; comparing thecoded representation of the geometry of the source component to at leastone of the stored multiple coded representations that each represent thegeometry of a different previously designed component, to identify atleast one previously designed component that is geometrically similar oridentical to the source component; and generating a search result thatidentifies at least one of the previously designed components that areidentified in the comparison to be geometrically similar or identical tothe source product.
 30. The computer program product of claim 29,wherein the coded representation of the geometry of the source componentis at least partially independent of a rotation or a translation of thesource component in space.
 31. The computer program product of claim 29,wherein the coded representation of the geometry of the source componentis a non-invertible representation.
 32. The computer program product ofclaim 29, wherein comparing the coded representation of the geometry ofthe source component to the at least one of the stored multiple codedrepresentations includes using a threshold of similarity to determine ifthe coded representation of the geometry of the source component matchesa coded representation of the geometry of a previously designedcomponent.
 33. The computer program product of claim 29, wherein themethod further comprises: obtaining an additional selection criterionrelated to the source component; and filtering identified previouslydesigned components using the additional selection criterion such thatthe filtered components are not provided in the search result.
 34. Thecomputer program product of claim 33, wherein the additional selectioncriterion is a manufacturing process criterion.
 35. The computer programproduct of claim 29, wherein the method further comprises displaying thesearch result to a user.
 36. The computer program product of claim 35,wherein for one previously designed component identified in the searchresult there is included a name of a manufacturer of the one previouslydesigned component.
 37. The computer program product of claim 36,wherein for the one previously designed component identified in thesearch result there is further included an address and a telephonenumber of the manufacturer.
 38. The computer program product of claim29, wherein the geometry of the source component includes a shape and asize of the source component.
 39. The computer program product of claim29, wherein the three-dimensional model of the source componentcomprises a computer-aided design (CAD) model.
 40. The computer programproduct of claim 29, wherein generating the search result includesprioritizing the identified previously designed components based ontheir degree of similarity.
 41. The computer program product of claim29, wherein the comparing includes determining whether the codedrepresentations of the source component and a previously designedcomponent satisfy a defined threshold of similarity.
 42. A system toprovide search results associated with previously designed componentshaving geometries that are similar to a geometry of a source component,the system being programmed to: transform a three-dimensional model ofthe source component into a coded representation of the geometry of thesource component, wherein the transformation is performed using adefined field generating condition that would generate a field of adefined type in a region of space, and wherein the transformation isperformed using a physical property of the source component as an inputto a mathematical framework based on a field theory for the defined typeof field, and wherein the mathematical framework yields one or morevalues that describe the field generated in the region of space; accessan electronic database repository having stored therein multiple codedrepresentations that each represent the geometry of a differentpreviously designed component, each coded representation having beenpreviously generated by transforming a three-dimensional model of thepreviously designed component into a coded representation of thegeometry of the previously designed component using the sametransformation used in transforming the three-dimensional model of thesource component into the coded representation of the geometry of thesource component; compare the coded representation of the geometry ofthe source component to at least one of the stored multiple codedrepresentations that each represent the geometry of a differentpreviously designed component, to identify at least one previouslydesigned component that is geometrically similar or identical to thesource component; and generate a search result that identifies at leastone of the previously designed components that are identified in thecomparison to be geometrically similar or identical to the sourceproduct.
 43. A system to provide search results associated withpreviously designed components having geometries that are similar to ageometry of a source component, the system comprising: means fortransforming a three-dimensional model of the source component into acoded representation of the geometry of the source component, whereinthe transformation is performed using a defined field generatingcondition that would generate a field of a defined type in a region ofspace, and wherein the transformation is performed using a physicalproperty of the source component as an input to a mathematical frameworkbased on a field theory for the defined type of field, and wherein themathematical framework yields one or more values that describe the fieldgenerated in the region of space; means for accessing an electronicdatabase repository having stored therein multiple coded representationsthat each represent the geometry of a different previously designedcomponent, each coded representation having been previously generated bytransforming a three-dimensional model of the previously designedcomponent into a coded representation of the geometry of the previouslydesigned component using the same transformation used in transformingthe three-dimensional model of the source component into the codedrepresentation of the geometry of the source component; means forcomparing the coded representation of the geometry of the sourcecomponent to at least one of the stored multiple coded representationsthat each represent the geometry of a different previously designedcomponent, to identify at least one previously designed component thatis geometrically similar or identical to the source component; and meansfor generating a search result that identifies at least one of thepreviously designed components that are identified in the comparison tobe geometrically similar or identical to the source product.